A person with a factitious disorder deceives others by pretending to be ill, intentionally getting unwell, or inflicting harm on oneself. When family members or carers misrepresent others, such as children, as being unwell, damaged, or disabled, factitious disorder can also result.
The symptoms of factitious disorders might be modest (a slight exaggeration of symptoms) or severe (formerly known as Munchausen syndrome). The person may fake symptoms or even tamper with medical examinations in order to convince others that therapy, such as high-risk surgery, is required.
Falsely reporting a medical condition to gain an advantage, such as being excused from work or winning a lawsuit, is not the same as fabricating a disorder. People with factitious disorder may not grasp the reasoning for their behaviours or recognise that they are experiencing a problem, even when they are aware that they are the source of their symptoms or illnesses.
Factitious disorders are difficult to diagnose and cure. However, it is imperative to avoid the self-harm that is typical of this illness, and both medical and psychological support are crucial.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of factitious disorders can include:
clever and convincing psychological or medical issues
extensive knowledge of ailments and medical terminologies
Uncertain or unpredictable symptoms
Symptoms that deteriorate without obvious cause
conditions that don’t react to regular therapy as expected
seeking care from several different medical professionals or facilities, possibly while assuming a false identity
unwillingness to let doctors speak with friends, family, or other medical professionals
Frequent hospital visits A desire for routine testing or dangerous procedures
Scars from several surgeries or other signs of a lot of treatments
hospitalised with little visitors
arguing with the staff and physicians
Causes
It is uncertain what causes factitious disorder. However, a combination of psychological issues and traumatic events may also contribute to the disorder.
Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of factitious disease is poorly understood. In a study of five people with factitious disorder, it was discovered that while all had great cognitive and verbal abilities, there were deficiencies in conceptual organisation and judgement. This led the authors to theorise that factitious disorder in some patients might be connected to abnormalities in the right cerebral hemisphere.Neuroimaging and other results in patients with factitious disease are documented in numerous solitary case studies. These include pathological EEG findings, mitochondrial disorders, and right hemithalamic hyperperfusion.
Diagnosis
It is particularly difficult to diagnose factitious illnesses because of the dishonesty involved. Medical practitioners must rule out all other likely physical and mental disorders before diagnosing a factitious ailment.
Treatment
First and foremost, behaviour modification and a reduction in the misuse or overuse of medical resources are the objectives of treatment for factitious disorders. The primary objective in factitious disorder through proxy is to ensure the protection of any actual or potential victims. After the initial objective is achieved, the focus of treatment is to address any underlying psychological problems that may be contributing to the patient’s behaviour.
Psychotherapy, a form of counselling, is the main therapy for factitious diseases. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, or CBT, is likely to be the mainstay of treatment, with an emphasis on attempting to alter the thoughts and behaviour of the disordered person. Teaching family members not to reward or promote the disordered person’s behaviour may be a goal of family therapy.
Prognosis
Factitious condition patients are typically thought to have a dismal prognosis. Most patients who are faced with their behaviour deny it, and very few agree to treatment. Most people who start counselling eventually stop. There is proof, though, that patients who stick with long-term therapy see positive results.
Patients may have co-occurring psychiatric disorders, with depression being the most frequent. Patients who also have substance use, anxiety, or mood disorders typically have a better prognosis. These patients typically have a bad prognosis because personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder, frequently co-occur with factitious disorders.
Complications
injury or demise brought on by self-inflicted illnesses.
severe health issues brought on by infections, unneeded surgeries, or other treatments.
organ or limb loss as a result of inappropriate surgery.
abuse of alcohol or other drugs.
significant issues with relationships, the workplace, and daily life.
Factitious disorder in Ayurveda
Ayurveda classifies the mind into three mental Gunas: Sattva Guna, Rajas Guna, and Tamas Guna. These gunas each have unique characteristics, and how agitated or tranquil they are completely determines how we feel. While Rajas represents pain and activity and Tamas represents dormancy and passivity, Sattva guna is thought to be faultless. Rajas and Tamas guna are seen to be less pure and inferior than Sattav guna. There are 16 subtypes in all across the three gunas. These mental disorders can be linked to the attention they received during the Rajas and Tamas guna manodasha. The two gunas mentioned above are the causes of all mental illnesses. when the level of these gunas exceeds what our intellect can control. These psychotic diseases are brought on by the body’s rajas and tamas gunas as well as the vata dosha.
UNMAD NIDAN (AETIOLOGY):
• Viruddhahara (incompatible meals), Ashuchi ahara (contaminated/infected food), and Deva-guru-dwija pragharshana (insult to instructors and elders) are examples of food-related sins.
Mano abhighata (mental shock), Bhaya (fear), and Harsha (abnormal or unnatural pleasure brought on by an accident) are the four states. Etc
UNMAD SAMPRAPTI (PATHOGENESIS) : The morbidity rises from the primary site of the heart to the mind due to favourable causal circumstances. This results in functional disruption in the heart’s primary location as well as dispersed regions like the brain and its many related compartments. As a result, the person develops incorrect beliefs or delusions and, as a result of their ignorance or the circumstances, they appear to be intoxicated. The name of this illness is Unmada.
UNMAD CLINICAL FEATURE
• Unorganised speech; auditory hallucinations; bizarre behaviour; social disengagement; deterioration of personal hygiene; insomnia; and hyperactive motor behaviours such as shouting and violent outbursts
UNMAD CHIKITSA (Treatment): Sneha (unction) and Sweda (sudation) should be used to treat the unmad patient before Shirovirechan, extreme emetics, and purgatives are used to evacuate the patient.
Shodhan Chikitsa: The management principle that is being discussed is as follows. Vataj Unmad: Mridu shodhan, then Snehan. Pittaj Unmad: Purgation (virechan). Kaphaj Unmad: Vaman (emesis) should be treated with Samsarjan Krama (dietary) following elimination therapy.
Shaman Chikitsa: It involves taking several single and combined herbal and herbo-mineral combinations orally.
Ayurveda places a strong emphasis on physical and mental shock treatments for patients who are unbalanced in order to get their brain processes back on track. Principled methods include Bhaya Darshan (frightening), Vismapana (surprise), Vismarana (obligation of memory), Kshobhana (administration of irritants), Harshana (elevating spirits), Bharthsana (threats), Bandhan (bindings), Swapna (inducing hypnosis), and Samvahan (gentle massage).
Sattvavajaya Chikitsa: It is a non-pharmacological method that is on par with psychotherapy for treating mental illnesses.
Ayurveda has described three types of management for every disease viz;
• Daiva Vyapashrya Chikitsa (Spiritual Therapy)
• Sattvavajaya Chikitsa (Ayurvedic Psychotherapy)
• Yukti Vyapashraya Chikitsa which includes Shodhan i.e. elimination of vitiated Doshas by Panchkarma therapy and Sanshaman that is alleviation of Doshas by different type drugs, diets and activities.
Type of formulation Name of Formulation
Single drugs – Vacha, Jyotishmati
Ghrita – Hingwadi Ghrita
Kalyanak Ghrita
MahaKalyanak Ghrita
Mahapaishachik Ghrita
Lashunadi Ghrita
Shiva Ghrita
Churna- Saraswat Churna
Tail- Shiva Tail
Kalyanakam ( Varavisaladi) Kashayam
Drakshadi Kashayam
Bhasma/Rasaushadhis Unmad Parpati Rasa
Unmadbhanjani Vatika
Unmadgajakesari Rasa
Unmadgajankusha Rasa
Unmadbhanjan Rasa
Chaturbhuj Rasa
YOGA AND MEDITATION
Regularly practising yoga and meditation while juggling a busy daily schedule shows that one is taking care of their body. They assist by improving physical fitness and relieving stress.
DIET PLANS
Since the Tamas and Rajas guna cause factitious disorder. The symptoms may be lessened with the satvik diet. The Sattav guna, which creates harmony and preserves balance in the person’s psyche, is enhanced by the Satvik diet.
YOGA AND MEDITATION
Regularly practising yoga and meditation while juggling a busy daily schedule shows that one is taking care of their body. They assist by improving physical fitness and relieving stress.
SPIRITUAL THERAPY
The sickness is brought on by the Rajas and Tamas guna. The only factor contributing to health is satwa guna. The imbalance of tridosha and subsequent emergence of ailments are caused by the actions of the Tamas and Rajas guna person. Through spiritual therapy, we are able to transition from ignorance to awareness, or from darkness to light. The Sattvik individual, who has awakened into the light of realisation, is immune to the sickness. Making a connection with the environment, engaging in yoga and meditation, adhering to dincharya, and utilising fragrance and colour therapy are all ways to achieve this. Although adopting a harmonious lifestyle may be challenging, it is not impossible. When you reach that point in your spiritual development, you should leave the Rajas and Tamas in the past and move on in life with qualities of clarity and purity.
The Food and Drug Administration, United States has not evaluated these statements. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Please consult your GP before the intake.
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Writer:
Dr. Rajesh Nair, the co-founder and chief consultant of Ayurvedaforall.Com, is a graduate of prestigious Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda College (affiliated with the University of Calicut), Kerala, India. Additionally, he holds a Postgraduate Diploma in Yoga Therapy from Annamalai University.
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Through Ayurvedaforall, Dr. Nair offers online consultation to patients worldwide and has served hundreds of patients over the last 20 years. In addition to his Ayurvedic practice, he is the chief editor of ayurveda-amai.org, the online portal of Ayurveda Medical Association of India, and the Secretary of the Kerala State Committee of Ayurveda Medical Association of India.
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